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| Features of the Three-I League | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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by
Bill Kemp
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| Three-I Spotlighted in 1950 Colliers Magazine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The
Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League operated for much of its sixty years in relative
anonymity. Like other low minor leagues, the Three-I was defined to a great
extent by its provincialism, both real and perceived. On the rare occasion,
though, the national media turned its attention to the nation's oldest
Class B loop. In 1950, Colliers magazine, at that time one of America's
most popular weeklies, dedicated considerable space to the "Three-Eye."
The July 15, 1950 article by Tom Meany, "Night Life in the Three-Eye," hailed the league as "the symbol of the bushes." From the very beginning of the article, Meany engaged in a spirited defense of the league and its rich history. "Ballplayers come from the Three-Eye, they don't wind up there," he asserted. "It is no haven for broken-down has-beens, but a cradle for embryonic major league stars." As evidence of the league's deep talent pool, Meany estimated that at the start of the 1950 season, there were 50 Three-I veterans earning paychecks on the Major League level, including Dutch Leonard (Decatur, 1932), Birdie Tebbetts (Springfield, 1935), Dizzy Trout (Terre Haute, 1935), Lou Boudreau (Cedar Rapids, 1938), Dick Sisler (Decatur, 1941), Allie Reynolds (Cedar Rapids, 1941), and Warren Spahn (Evansville, 1941). That noted, the article was not a hackneyed homage to minor league baseball in the Heartland. Meany was also interested in examining the changes remaking the "bushes" at mid-century. "The minors today are in a constant state of flux, with heavy annual turnovers in personnel," he wrote. The nation's newfound affluence, as well post-war measures such as the GI Bill, played a significant role in transforming the low minor leagues. "The hard-bitten, weather-beaten veteran has all but disappeared from the bushes," Meany observed. "Throughout the Three-Eye a ballplayer over twenty-three is a novelty, unless he is a playing manager, such as Danny Carnevale at Terre Haute. And Danny, at thirty-two, looks like a scoutmaster taking his patrol for an airing." Baseball curmudgeons take note: Criticizing prospects for their lack of fundamentals is nothing new. In the article, William Jurges, the Cedar Rapids manager, decried the lack of experience among many Three-I players. "They're so young," he said. "They just don't seem to be able to think for themselves. The shortstop doesn't shift to his right when he knows that the pitcher is going to curve a right-handed batter and that therefore the ball is likely to be pulled into the hole between third and short." Jurges was no neophyte to the game. From 1931 to 1947, he played for the Chicago Cubs and New York Giants, appearing in 1,816 games. He would later manage the Boston Red Sox for parts of the 1959 and 1960 seasons. "It isn't that they're unintelligent," continued Jurges. "We have college men on our ball club and our catcher, Bob Bannon, needs only one more year for his master's degree. When I was in the minors last [the late 1920s], a player who had finished high school was a sensation. The players then were older and, of course, more experienced. They were old-timers who were getting by on their savvy, making their heads do the work their arms and legs couldn't do any longer. In those days a young player in the bushes could learn by watching the old-timers. Now it's up to the manager to give them that education." As expected, the Colliers article also highlighted the shoestring-budget circumstances of the low bushes. "Each squad is limited to 17 players," reported Meany. "There are no coaches, road secretaries, team physicians, baggage handlers or any of the multitudinous refinements of the majors. Terre Haute is unique among the Three-Eye clubs in that it has a trainer, Casey Bruzas, but he also doubles as the bus driver." In 1950, Three-I payrolls averaged $4,000 a month, or roughly $325 per player, though assistance from Major League clubs boosted the pay of some players. A typical week of league play featured night games Monday through Friday, with afternoon contests reserved for Sunday. Normally, Saturday was designated a travel day. With most games played at night, Three-I players contended with substandard lighting schemes. According to Meany, the typical Three-I ballpark featured a lighting system of 250,000 watts. For comparison, Yankee Stadium boasted more wattage than all eight Three-I parks combined. At times, Three-Eye catchers resorted to hand-and-mitt signals to ensure their battery mates could read signs in the poorly lit parks. Likewise, field conditions could prove less than ideal. Meany recounted Manager Daniel Carnevale's frustration with the infield of Terre Haute's Memorial Stadium. Once, Carnevale "drove his own sedan on the field, hitched a harrow to the rear bumper, had one of his catchers, Jim Turner, sit on the drag to weigh it down, and proceeded to do his own manicuring job on the terrain."
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![]() The Colliers article included several whimsical drawings highlighting life in the Three-I League. |
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like today, the monotony of bus travel was an unavoidable feature of day-to-day
life in the minor leagues. Yet before the era of cell phones, Walkmans,
and Game Boys, players relied on more traditional (and communal) activities
to while away the hours from one small city to the next. Radio broadcaster
Bob Brooks recalled a typical Three-I "bus jump" from Cedar Rapids to Terre
Haute. "We left about seven in the morning when everything was rosy and
dewy, and then, as dusk fell and the moon came up over the cornfields,
the players would start a community sing."
Tom Meany's 1950 Colliers article on the Three-I represents a well-informed glimpse into low minor league baseball in the post-war era. Why Meany selected the Three-I is unknown. Perhaps its storied history and bucolic backdrop drew the writer to the nation's oldest Class B league. He certainly had a large number of leagues to choose from. In 1950, there were a record 59 minor leagues: Three AAA circuits (Pacific Coast League, American Association, and International League); two AA (Southern Association and Texas League); four A (Central, Eastern, South Atlantic, and Western); eleven B (including the Three-I); fourteen C; and twenty-five D. Fifty of the fifty-nine were "low" minor leagues (B, C, and D). Now let's examine the 1950 season in more detail. With a record of 78 wins and 48 loses, Terre Haute, an affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies, finished league play atop the standings. The Three-I Phillies also won the league's post-season championship, defeating the Danville Dodgers 3 games to 1. Terre Haute pitcher Niles Jordan led the league in strike outs (206) and ERA (2.35). The following year, Jordan appeared in 5 games for the N. L. Phillies, winning 2 and losing 3 with a 3.19 ERA. His first start was an August 26, 1951 victory over the Cincinnati Reds. In December, Philadelphia dealt Jordan, infielder Eddie Pellegrini, catcher Andy Seminick, and outfielder Dick Sisler to Cincinnati for catcher Smoky Burgess, pitcher Howie Fox, and second basemen Connie Ryan. In 1952, Jordan's career ended after three appearances for the Reds. Though Jordan's big league career was short-lived, at least he enjoyed the proverbial "cup of coffee." Two other stars of the 1950 season never received the call. Jim King of the Cedar Rapids Indians led the Three-I with a .322 batting average, and Frank Marchio of the Quincy Gems led all batters with 112 RBI. Third-place Waterloo led the league in attendance, drawing more than 119,244 fans. Terre Haute drew 111,228 and Evansville 102,865. The league's three Illinois clubs struggled at the gate: Quincy drew 53,322; second-place Danville 51,616; and the Decatur Commodores (a Chicago Cubs affiliate) a dismal 35,516, an average of about 530 fans per game. |
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| Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League Final Standings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Last revised: 08/20/08